Islamic History

Pre-Islam

Himyars of Yemen

Pre-Islam

Himyar were sedentary Arabs who ruled over Yemen in the 6th century.  Yemen of the 6th century is sometimes referred to as the Himyar state. Origin Yemen (Al-Yemen يمن) in the Arabian Peninsula had developed states since ancient times.  By the beginning of the 3rd century CE, Yemen had many small states.  The rulers of […]

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Byzantine Rome or Romania

Pre-Islam

Byzantine Empire is a well known state which developed in antiquity, and continued to exist throughout medieval ages.  Its ultimate fall was the beginning of Renaissance. Heironymus Wolf, writing in 1557, named it the Byzantine Empire, and since then, this name has become a standard among historians. The citizens of this empire, anyhow, used to

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Bedouinization of Arabia

Pre-Islam

The boundaries of the Tribal Zone of pre-Islamic Arabia had not been constant during antiquity.  Benouinization denotes the process by which the Tribal Zone extended.  It is opposite to ‘state formation’. Arabia had a number of states, even in central regions, by the 1st century CE.  As time passed, many of them disappeared, giving way

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Axum (Ethiopia)

Pre-Islam

Axum was a kingdom located at the horn of Africa.  It was born around 100 CE and survived up to 940 CE. Modern historians call it the kingdom of Axum (Aksum) after its capital city.  The citizens of this country did not call it by this name.  Instead, they used to call it Ethiopia (Ḥabshah

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       Arab Ajam Schism

Pre-Islam

The mutual friction between the Pahlavi-speaking people and the Arabic-speaking people of the 6th century CE is well known. The Dialogue Between Khosrow and Nu’man Hatred for each other is illustrated from the opinions the two camps have expressed about each other on entirely different occasions, but are usually put together in a dialogue form

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